ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) has entered tourism and become a new service in a tour guide. AI technology can help tourism by providing customized services and attracting visitors to fight with the crisis of the COVID-19 epidemic. This paper introduces how AI tour guide services contribute to tourism and its main issues. The future development of AI tour guides also was discussed at the end and the authors believe lifelong machine learning is the key to developing AI tour guides. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitated restructuring of outpatient services with increased reliance on telemedicine. Greater use of virtual clinics (VCs) is expected to continue;However, patient and clinician satisfaction with these are poorly understood, as are their environmental and fiscal impact. Methods: The first, middle and last patients from various Urological subspeciality VC lists over a 30-day period at the peak of the pandemic were contacted. Healthcare professionals independent of initial care evaluated patient satisfaction using a custom questionnaire. Environmental and fiscal cost analyses were calculated using patient addresses, NHS tariff data and Gross Value Added (GVA) per head. Simultaneously, an online survey exploring changes to outpatient practices and clinician satisfaction with VC was distributed to UK Urologists. Results: 1146 patients underwent VC (30th March - 30th April 2020). 99 patients were contacted. 55 (56%) completed all survey questions (male: 78%, age >65: 60%, follow up: 78%). 49 (89%) were satisfied/very satisfied, with reduced time and travel having the strongest influence on responses. Approximately 5.31 tonnes of C02 emissions were avoided. Estimated cost-savings were £42,714.55 to the NHS and £62,078.82 to the economy. 86 Urologists completed the clinician survey. 83 (97%) switched some/all outpatient activity to virtual, with 69 (80%) using telephone. 24 (28%) felt satisfied/very satisfied for new referrals. 81% (70) felt satisfied/very satisfied for follow up consultations. 61 (71%) would use VC regularly. There were notable variations by subspeciality. Conclusions: VC use should be strongly considered beyond the pandemic, but may not suitable for every patient or subspeciality.
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in millions of patients infected worldwide and indirectly affecting even more individuals through disruption of daily living. Long-term adverse outcomes have been reported with similar diseases from other coronaviruses, namely Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Emerging evidence suggests that COVID-19 adversely affects different systems in the human body. This review summarizes the current evidence on the short-term adverse health outcomes and assesses the risk of potential long-term adverse outcomes of COVID-19. Major adverse outcomes were found to affect different body systems: immune system (including but not limited to Guillain-Barré syndrome and paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome), respiratory system (lung fibrosis and pulmonary thromboembolism), cardiovascular system (cardiomyopathy and coagulopathy), neurological system (sensory dysfunction and stroke), as well as cutaneous and gastrointestinal manifestations, impaired hepatic and renal function. Mental health in patients with COVID-19 was also found to be adversely affected. The burden of caring for COVID-19 survivors is likely to be huge. Therefore, it is important for policy makers to develop comprehensive strategies in providing resources and capacity in the healthcare system. Future epidemiological studies are needed to further investigate the long-term impact on COVID-19 survivors.